Ruth Orkin

Looking Across Sheep Meadow Toward Central Park South, New York City

1958
Chromogenic print, printed later.
12 3/4 x 18 7/8 in. (32.4 x 47.9 cm)
Signed, titled and dated '1950's' in ink in the margin; signed, titled, dated 'late 50's', annotated and copyright notation in ink on the verso.

Estimate
$2,500 - 3,500

Contact Specialist
Sarah Krueger
Head of Department, Photographs

Vanessa Hallett
Worldwide Head of Photographs and Deputy Chairman, Americas

General Enquiries
+1 212 940 1245

Photographs

New York Auction 4 October 2018

84
Walker Evans
Brooklyn Bridge
Estimate $7,000 - 10,000
Sold for $15,000
85
Drahomir Josef Ruzicka
Penn Station, New York
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,125
86
Lisette Model
Untitled (shadows, woman with handbag)
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
87
Helen Levitt
N.Y.C. (women in front of candy store)
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $8,125
88
Ruth Orkin
View From My Window, Central Park South 1956 and Philharmonic Concert, Sheep Meadow, Central Park
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $5,000
89
Ruth Orkin
Looking Across Sheep Meadow Toward Central Park South, New York City
Estimate $2,500 - 3,500
90
Berenice Abbott
New York at Night
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
91
Alfred Eisenstaedt
Farewell to Servicemen, Pennsylvania Station, New York City
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $8,750
92
Brassaï (Gyula Halász)
Pont Neuf, Paris
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $4,750
93
Brassaï (Gyula Halász)
An English girl in her dressing room at the Folies-Bergère
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
94
E.J. Bellocq
Marguerite Griffin, Storyville, New Orleans
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
95
Man Ray
La Prière
Estimate $70,000 - 90,000
Sold for $100,000
96
André Kertész
Self-portrait, Paris
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
97
André Kertész
Tuscany
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
98
André Kertész
Satiric Dancer, Paris
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $4,375
99
Paul Citroen
Metropolis
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $21,250
100
André Kertész
Melancholic Tulip
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
101
Bill Brandt
Parlourmaid and under-parlourmaid ready to serve dinner
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $3,750
102
André Kertész
Distortion #34
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
103
Bill Brandt
Selected Nudes
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
104
Robert Frank
Paris
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
105
Robert Frank
London
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $27,500
106
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Rue Mouffetard, Paris
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $21,250
107
Alfred Eisenstaedt
Children at a Puppet Theatre, Paris
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $27,500
108
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare, Paris
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $12,500
109
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Madrid, Spain
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $8,125
110
Josef Koudelka
France
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
Sold for $37,500
111
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Calle Cuauhtemoctzin, Mexico City
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
112
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Seville, Spain
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $30,000
113
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Mexico City, Mexico
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
114
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Charles Henri Ford, Paris
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
115
Manuel Álvarez Bravo
La Buena Fama Durmiendo (The Good Reputation Sleeping)
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $6,250
116
Manuel Álvarez Bravo
Los Agachados (The Crouched Ones)
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $6,000
117
Paul Strand
The Mother, Luzzara, Italy
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
118
Paul Strand
Portrait of a Young Man, Luzzara, Italy
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $13,750
119
August Sander
Bauer Aus Schabernack, Westerwald
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $12,500
120
Imogen Cunningham
Agave #2
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
121
Albert Renger-Patzsch
Agave Ellemeetiana
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
122
Laura Gilpin
The Grand Canyon
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
123
Charles Jones
Leek Prizetaker
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $5,000
124
Clarence H. White
Nude
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
Sold for $18,750
125
Alfred Stieglitz
The Steerage
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $17,500
126
Alfred Stieglitz
Georgia O'Keeffe
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $17,500
127
Captain Linnaeus Tripe
Madura, The Great Pagoda, Veeravasuntharoya’s Munduppum
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $10,625
128
William Henry Fox Talbot
All Souls College Chapel, Oxford
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
129
Edward Sheriff Curtis
An Oasis in the Badlands
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $17,500
130
Lewis Wickes Hine
Ten Year Old Spinner in N. Carolina Cotton Mill
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $12,500
131
Ernst Haas
Displaced Persons
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
132
Walker Evans
Washroom and Dining Area of Floyd Burroughs’ Home
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $30,000
133
Paul Strand
Road into the Farm, East Jamaica, VT
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
134
Alma Lavenson
Composition
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $23,750
135
Alma Lavenson
Virginia City
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
136
Laura Gilpin
Selected Images of Gothic, Colorado
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $7,500
137
Ansel Adams
Winter Sunrise, Sierra Nevada from Lone Pine California
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $43,750
138
Ansel Adams
Sand Dunes, Sunrise, Death Valley National Monument, California
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $16,250
139
Ansel Adams
Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $52,500
140
Edward Weston
Tide Pool, Point Lobos
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $4,000
141
Imogen Cunningham
Two Callas
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $10,000
142
Ansel Adams
Portfolio Four: What Majestic Word. In Memory of Russell Varian
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $47,500
143
Edward Weston
The Edward Weston Portfolio
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $16,250
144
Edward Weston
Dunes at Oceano, California
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $93,750
145
Ansel Adams
California Coast South of Big Sur
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $13,750
146
Clarence John Laughlin
A Vision of Dead Desire
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
Sold for $3,500
147
Edward Weston
Selected Images
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $13,750
148
Ansel Adams
White Branches, Mono Lake, California
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $11,250
149
Aaron Siskind
Gloucester
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
150
Frederick Sommer
The Milky Way
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $11,250
151
Frederick Sommer
The Wall
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $11,250
152
Aaron Siskind
Chicago 200
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
153
Aaron Siskind
Chicago 206
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
154
Kenneth Josephson
Drottningholm, Sweden
Estimate $2,000 - 3,000
Sold for $4,375
155
Harry Callahan
Selected Images of Cape Cod
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $7,500
156
Harry Callahan
Eleanor, Chicago
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $3,750
157
Harry Callahan
Chicago
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $12,500
158
Ralph Eugene Meatyard
Occasion for diriment
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $9,375
159
Ray K. Metzker
Chicago
Estimate $2,500 - 3,500
Sold for $5,250
160
Ruth Bernhard
Two Forms
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
Sold for $5,625
161
Frederick Sommer
Ondine
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
Sold for $12,500
162
Frederick Sommer
Lee Nevin
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
163
Garry Winogrand
New York City
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
164
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Manhattan, New York, USA (bank officer and his secretary)
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $6,250
165
Lee Friedlander
NYC
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $10,000
166
Lee Friedlander
NYC
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $8,125
167
Robert Frank
Washington D.C.
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $15,000
168
Dorothea Lange
Union Square, New York
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
Sold for $20,000
169
Saul Leiter
N.Y.
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
170
Garry Winogrand
New York
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
171
Irving Penn
Porter, New York
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $32,500
172
Garry Winogrand
Circle Line Statue of Liberty Ferry, New York
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $6,000
173
Lee Friedlander
NYC
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
174
Garry Winogrand
New York
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $4,375
175
Daidō Moriyama
Circus
Estimate $2,500 - 3,500
Sold for $2,375
176
Harry Callahan
Chicago
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
177
Lewis Baltz
The Berkeley Crisis
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
178
Art Sinsabaugh
Chicago Land #43
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $8,125
179
Elliott Erwitt
Nikita Khrushchev & Richard Nixon, Moscow, USSR
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $5,000
180
Irving Penn
Marcel Duchamp, New York, April 30
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $25,000
181
Irving Penn
Four Guedras, Morocco
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $52,500
182
W. Eugene Smith
Selected Images
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
183
Yousuf Karsh
Georgia O'Keeffe
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $4,375
184
W. Eugene Smith
Walk to Paradise Garden
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $23,750
185
Garry Winogrand
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Estimate $7,000 - 10,000
Sold for $15,000
186
Lee Friedlander
Texas
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $7,500
187
Danny Lyon
Selected Images of Bikeriders and Chicago
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $25,000
188
Danny Lyon
Selected Images
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
189
Lee Friedlander
New Orleans
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
Sold for $3,250
190
Robert Frank
New Mexico
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
191
Richard Misrach
Ocotillo #1, Arizona
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $15,000
192
Richard Misrach
Untitled, Saguaro
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $5,000
193
Henry Wessel, Jr.
Buena Vista, Colorado
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
Sold for $4,375
194
Henry Wessel, Jr.
Tucson, Arizona
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
Sold for $4,000
195
Lee Friedlander
Denver
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
196
Henry Wessel, Jr.
Southern California
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
197
William Eggleston
Untitled
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
198
William Eggleston
Untitled
Estimate $30,000 - 40,000
Sold for $52,500
199
Alfred Eisenstaedt
St. Moritz, Rene Brequet Serves Cocktails at the Grand Hotel Ice Rink
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $4,375
200
Jacques Henri Lartigue
The Famous Rowe Twins of the Casino de Paris
Estimate $3,000 - 5,000
201
Frank Horvat
Paris, for Jardin des Modes, Givenchy Hat (b)
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
Sold for $15,000
202
William Klein
Simone + Nina, Piazza di Spagna, Rome (Vogue)
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
203
Richard Avedon
Dovima with elephants, Evening dress by Dior, Cirque d’Hiver, Paris, August
Estimate $60,000 - 80,000
Sold for $87,500
204
Frank Horvat
Paris, for Jardin des Modes, at 'Le Chien Qui Fume'
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
205
Elliott Erwitt
California Kiss, Santa Monica
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $6,875
206
Elliott Erwitt
Paris
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $8,750
207
Richard Avedon
Richard Avedon: Made in France
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $16,250
208
Ormond Gigli
Girls in Windows, New York City
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $30,000
209
Elliott Erwitt
Paris
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
Sold for $8,125
210
Irving Penn
Callot Swallow-Tail Dress
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $50,000
211
Horst P. Horst
Mainbocher Corset, Paris
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $10,625
212
Horst P. Horst
Odalisque I, N.Y.
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
213
George Hoyningen-Huene
Divers, Horst with Model, Paris
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
214
Helmut Newton
Saddle II, Paris
Estimate $70,000 - 90,000
Sold for $81,250
215
Irving Penn
Nude
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
216
Horst P. Horst
Lisa on Silk I, N.Y.
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $8,125
217
Robert Mapplethorpe
Calla Lily
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
218
Jeanloup Sieff
Nu Pompier, Paris
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
Sold for $13,750
219
Helmut Newton
Xavier Moreau and friend, Paris
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
220
Helmut Newton
Hotel Room, Place de la République, Paris
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $25,000
221
Robert Mapplethorpe
Skull
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $31,250
222
Lynn Davis
Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
223
Michael Kenna
Selected Images
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
224
Robert Mapplethorpe
Calla Lily
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
225
Michael Dweck
Sonya, Poles, Montauk, N.Y.
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $6,000
226
Albert Watson
Frederique, New York City
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $8,750
227
Helmut Newton
Tied-Up Torso, Ramatuelle
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $43,750
228
Robert Mapplethorpe
Y Portfolio
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $112,500
229
Robert Mapplethorpe
Lisa Lyon
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $18,750
230
Nan Goldin
Christmas at the Other Side, Boston
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
231
Robert Mapplethorpe
Ken Moody
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $9,375
232
Robert Mapplethorpe
Ken and Lydia
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $35,000
233
Nan Goldin
Valerie Floating in the Sea, Mayreaux
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $6,250
234
Nan Goldin
Suzanne with Mona Lisa, Mexico City
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $7,500
235
Nan Goldin
Jimmy Paulette on David's Bike, N.Y.C.
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $10,000
236
Wolfgang Tillmans
Central Nervous System
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $11,875
237
Wolfgang Tillmans
Freischwimmer 20
Estimate $120,000 - 180,000
Sold for $181,250
238
Idris Khan
every... page of Susan Sontag's Book 'On Photography'
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $15,000
239
Abelardo Morell
A Mad Tea Party
Estimate $4,000 - 6,000
240
Shinichi Maruyama
Kusho #2
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
241
Idris Khan
every... Nicholas Nixon's Brown Sisters
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $13,750
242
Sally Mann
Untitled from Deep South
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $25,000
243
Sally Mann
The Perfect Tomato
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $27,500
244
Sally Mann
Modest Child #2
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
245
Sally Mann
Jessie at 5
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $43,750
246
Sally Mann
The Last Time Emmett modeled Nude
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $43,750
247
Adam Fuss
Untitled
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
248
Christian Boltanski
Portrait of Two Boys with Binoculars
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
249
Hiroshi Sugimoto
Lake Superior, Cascade River
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $35,000
250
Hiroshi Sugimoto
Bay of Sagami, Atami
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $18,750
251
Adam Fuss
From the series 'My Ghost'
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
252
Hiroshi Sugimoto
Yellow Sea, Cheju
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $35,000
253
Hiroshi Sugimoto
Arctic Ocean, Nord Kapp
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $30,000
254
Adam Fuss
From the series 'My Ghost'
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $6,250
255
Hiroshi Sugimoto
Lightning Fields 128
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $15,000
256
Hiroshi Sugimoto
Lightning Fields 145
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $15,000
257
Hiroshi Sugimoto
E.U.R. San Pietro e Paolo - Piacentini
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
258
Cindy Sherman
Untitled #296
Estimate $180,000 - 220,000
Sold for $325,000
259
Matthew Porter
Highland Park
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $7,500
260
Alex Prager
Jackie from Week-End
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
261
Louise Lawler
Additional Support
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
262
Vik Muniz
Starry Night, after Van Gogh from Pictures of Magazines 2
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $60,000
263
Sharon Core
Bakery Counter, 1962
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $75,000
264
Lawrence Schiller
Marilyn
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $6,250
265
Cindy Sherman
Untitled (Lucille Ball)
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $11,875
266
Vik Muniz
Marilyn from Pictures of Chocolate
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $68,750
267
Vik Muniz
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, after Georges Seurat from Gordian Puzzles
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $50,000
268
Massimo Vitali
Vecchiano
Estimate $18,000 - 22,000
Sold for $30,000
269
Louise Lawler
Couch
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $27,500
270
Robert ParkeHarrison and Shana ParkeHarrison
Earthcoat
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
271
Robert ParkeHarrison
Cloud Catcher
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $5,000
272
This lot is no longer available.
273
Chuck Close
Self-Portrait
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $13,750
274
Andres Serrano
Payne from Nomads
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $8,125
275
Adam Fuss
From the series 'My Ghost'
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
Sold for $16,250
276
Mickalene Thomas
Photomontage 5
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $31,250
277
Dawoud Bey
Amishi
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $20,000
278
Carol Beckwith & Angela Fisher
African Ceremonies
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $40,000
279
Pieter Hugo
Abdulai Yahaya, Agbogbloshie Market, Accra, Ghana
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $15,000
280
Simon Norfolk
King Amanullah’s Victory Arch built to celebrate the 1919 Independence from the British. Paghman, Kabul Province
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $6,250
281
Shirin Neshat
Untitled from Soliloquy
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $16,250
282
Shirin Neshat
Untitled from Rapture
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $13,750
283
Candida Höfer
Bibliotheca Thysiana Leiden I
Estimate $15,000 - 25,000
Sold for $17,500
284
Edward Burtynsky
Old Factories #1, Fushun Aluminum Smelter, Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
285
Ahmet Ertuğ
Farnese Theater, Parma
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $43,750
286
Peter Beard
Two Cheetahs hunting for the End of the Game/Last Word from Paradise
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
Sold for $20,000
287
Peter Beard
Untitled, for the End of the Game, Last Word from Paradise, Tsavo
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $13,750
288
Peter Beard
I'll Write Whenever I Can, Koobi Fora, Lake Rudolf, Kenya
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $37,500
289
Peter Beard
Elephant reaching for the last branch on a tree, Kenya
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $25,000
290
Doug Starn and Mike Starn
Black Pulse #17
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
291
Peter Beard
Giraffes in Mirage on the Tara Desert Kenya for the End of the Game/Last Word from Paradise
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $31,250
292
Nick Brandt
Giraffe Under Big Sky, Maasai Mara
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $5,625
293
Nick Brandt
Lion Jumping from Tree, Maasai Mara
Estimate $5,000 - 7,000
Sold for $9,375
294
Yves Marchand and Romain Meffre
The National Theater from The Ruins of Detroit
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
295
David Maisel
The Lake Project #9831-2
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
296
Ruud van Empel
Moon #1
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
Sold for $15,000
297
Loretta Lux
The Book
Estimate $7,000 - 9,000
298
Sandy Skoglund
Radioactive Cats
Estimate $8,000 - 12,000
Sold for $16,250
299
Sandy Skoglund
Raining Popcorn
Estimate $6,000 - 8,000
Sold for $11,875

Photographs

New York Auction 4 October 2018

Provenance

89

Ruth Orkin

Looking Across Sheep Meadow Toward Central Park South, New York City

Photographs