The painters in the Russian nonconformist movement, mainly established in Moscow and Leningrad, are characterized by their criticism and rejection of the orders of those in power, embodied by Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnev. Their artistic dissent has led them to seek refuge in a basement to express themselves freely. The movement thus also took the name “Ap’Art” (Apartment Art). Some of these artists have also fed the Soviet Union to settle in Europe or the United States. It is mainly in the subjects treated that non-conformist artists differ from the art of Russian propaganda imposed at the time. They do not hesitate to depict everyday life with realism (Michel Roginsky) or subtly criticize the ideology in place via a pop imagery (Leonid Sokov). Edward Steinberg (student of Kazimir Malevich) and Alexander Ney classify them in a more abstract formal register.