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In Focus
Debuted at the Venice Biennale in 1970, Carlos Cruz-Diez’s Chromointerférence Mécanique perfectly synthesizes the artist’s exploration of color that has put him at the forefront of contemporary art discourse for the past six decades. Its title distills the core elements of Cruz-Diez’s practice: Chromointerférence expresses his understanding of color as an ephemeral phenomenon produced by light and movement, independent of representation or even form, while Mécanique underpins the kinetic component of his work that places him alongside such pioneering artists as Jesús Rafael Soto. In the present work, a circular piece of Plexiglas printed with a pattern of lines rotates above the multi-colored background of his so-called Couleur additive modules. What was left to the movement of the observer in his famous Physiochromies, is here established objectively by automated movement. New colors emerge from the apparent blending of pre-existing ones.
Installation view of the present work at the exhibition Carlos Cruz-Diez, XXXV Biennale di Venezia, Venezuelan Pavilion, Venice, Italy 1970. Image copyright © Atelier Cruz-Diez, Documentation Center/ Artwork © Carlos Cruz-Diez/Artists Right Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris
It was in 1959 during a brief visit to Venezuela that Cruz-Diez had an epiphany, prompting a series that in 1966 culminated in his Chromointerférence works. Exploring how the interference of patterned line with identical or varied frequencies generate a range of colors, a year later he pushed the central tenets of this series even further through the inclusion of a motor. It was with works such as Chromointerférence Mécanique that Cruz-Diez cemented his international recognition when he exhibited at the Venezuelan Pavilion in the 35th Venice Biennale in 1970. The present work was one of twelve mechanical Chromointerférences included, each producing varying and astonishing patterns of movement.
Provenance
Rudy and Jane Ayoroa, Washington, D.C. (acquired directly from the artist)
Ira D. Glick and Juannie G. Eng, San Francisco (acquired from the above in 1992)
Phillips, New York, May 15, 2019, lot 165
Acquired at the above sale by the present ownerExhibited
Venice, Venezuelan Pavilion, XXXV Biennale Internazionale D'arte di Venezia, June 24 - October 25, 1970
Sarasota, John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art; Miami Metropolitan Museum and Art Center; Pensacola Art Center, Latin American Horizons, April 8 - November 30, 1976
London, Phillips, Carlos Cruz-Diez: Luminous Reality, July 16 - September 6, 2018Literature
Simón Marchán Fiz, "La 35 Bienal Internacional De Arte De Venecia", Goya Revista de Arte, 1970, no. 98, p. 112 (illustrated)
Mari Carmen Ramírez and Héctor Olea, eds., Color in Space and Time, Cruz-Diez, Houston, 2011, pp. 218, 219 (illustrated)Artist Biography
Carlos Cruz-Diez
Venezuelan • 1923 - 2019
Carlos Cruz-Diez moved from his native Caracas to Paris in 1960. He is a major protagonist in the field of kinetic and Op Art, a movement based on "an awareness of the instability of reality."
Inspired by such artists as Georges Seurat and Josef Albers, his work focuses on the kinetic energy of color and its existence as an autonomous and evolving reality, independent from form or structure. Much of his work, in particular his Physichromie series, is created by plotting lines of contrasting color alongside each other, creating an illusion of movement as the viewer's position relative to the artwork shifts.
Δ117
Chromointerférence Mécanique
signed with the artist's initials, titled, inscribed and dated "C.D. 'CHROMOINTERFERENCE' CRUZ-DIEZ PARIS 1970" on the reverse
silkscreen on paper and plastic, motor and wood
23 5/8 x 23 5/8 x 4 3/8 in. (60 x 60 x 11 cm)
Executed in 1970.
This work will be included in the forthcoming catalogue raisonné being prepared by the Cruz-Diez Art Foundation.
Estimate
$80,000 - 100,000
Sold for $90,000
John McCord
Head of Day Sale, Morning Session
New York
+1 212 940 1261
20th c. & Contemporary Art Day Sale, Morning Session
New York Auction 2 July 2020
101
Anne Truitt
Parva XIII
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
Sold for $93,750
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102
Ed Moses
Untitled
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
Sold for $16,250
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103
James Turrell
Hologram (IV 01)
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $50,000
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104
Lee Bontecou
Untitled
Estimate $60,000 - 80,000
Sold for $105,000
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105
Ad Reinhardt
Untitled
Estimate $100,000 - 150,000
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106
Mark Tobey
Untitled
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107
Hans Hofmann
Yellow Glow
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
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108
Joan Mitchell
Untitled
Estimate $80,000 - 120,000
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109
Robert Motherwell
Untitled
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
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110
Helen Frankenthaler
1973 (Thanksgiving Day)
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
Sold for $47,500
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111
Ed Clark
Untitled
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112
Ed Clark
Untitled
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113
Mary Corse
Untitled (Black White Inner Band, Beveled)
Estimate $220,000 - 280,000
Sold for $250,000
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114
Tony Smith
Spitball
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
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115
Robert Ryman
Bent Line Drawing 20" x 20"
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $56,250
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116
Kenneth Noland
Resect
Estimate $200,000 - 300,000
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117
Carlos Cruz-Diez
Chromointerférence Mécanique
Estimate $80,000 - 100,000
Sold for $90,000
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118
Yayoi Kusama
Flower
Estimate $18,000 - 22,000
Sold for $20,000
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119
Robert Morris
Untitled (Hypnerotomachia Series)
Estimate $18,000 - 22,000
Sold for $68,750
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120
Louise Nevelson
Young Tree XXIV
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $110,000
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121
George Rickey
Broken Line (Two Lines Horizontal)
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $40,000
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122
John Chamberlain
Untitled
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
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123
Lucas Samaras
Chair with Reclining Curvaceous V
Estimate $70,000 - 100,000
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124
Deborah Butterfield
Chestnut
Estimate $80,000 - 120,000
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125
Julian Schnabel
Insomnolent Brown Trimmed in Mink
Estimate $120,000 - 180,000
Sold for $250,000
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126
Julian Schnabel
Lazarus, Second Painting for Aldo Moro
Estimate $100,000 - 150,000
Sold for $435,000
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127
Mary Heilmann
Lil Totem
Estimate $50,000 - 70,000
Sold for $137,500
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128
This lot is no longer available.
129
Philip Guston
Untitled (double-sided drawing)
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
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130
Jack Tworkov
Torso
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
Sold for $9,375
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131
André Breton
Four works: (i-iv) Untitled
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
Sold for $16,250
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132
Joseph Cornell
Sandsifter Box
Estimate $180,000 - 250,000
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133
Fernand Léger
Untitled Composition
Estimate $18,000 - 22,000
Sold for $28,750
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134
Jacques Lipchitz
Study for Pastorale
Estimate $12,000 - 18,000
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135
Henri Laurens
Femme couchée
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136
Henri Laurens
La jeune soeur
Estimate $80,000 - 120,000
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137
Fernando Botero
Woman with Serpent
Estimate $200,000 - 250,000
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138
Fernando Botero
Danseuse équilibriste à cheval
Estimate $35,000 - 50,000
Sold for $37,500
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139
Wifredo Lam
Untitled
Estimate $120,000 - 180,000
Sold for $150,000
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140
Loló Soldevilla
Sin Título
Estimate $30,000 - 40,000
Sold for $52,500
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141
José Gurvich
Untitled
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $77,500
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142
Tomás Sánchez
Meditador
Estimate $250,000 - 350,000
Sold for $399,000
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143
Gerhard Richter
Onkel Rudi
Estimate $18,000 - 22,000
Sold for $21,250
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144
Anselm Kiefer
Lilith
Estimate $70,000 - 100,000
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145
Kenny Scharf
Coconut Star
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146
Kenny Scharf
Spacemeats
Estimate $45,000 - 55,000
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147
Jim Dine
2 Moons
Estimate $80,000 - 120,000
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148
Alighiero Boetti
Entre loup et chien
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
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149
Tom Wesselmann
Study for Face Aquatint
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $22,500
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150
Richard Pettibone
Andy Warhol, Marlon, 1963
Estimate $30,000 - 50,000
Sold for $37,500
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151
Ed Ruscha
S
Estimate $15,000 - 20,000
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152
Richard Artschwager
Pull
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
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153
Al Held
Untitled
Estimate $10,000 - 15,000
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154
Ralph Humphrey
Station
Estimate $20,000 - 30,000
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155
Larry Poons
Untitled
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156
Paul Jenkins
Phenomena Forecast of Fire
Estimate $25,000 - 35,000
Sold for $75,000
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157
Patrick Hughes
Stairs to the Stars
Estimate $40,000 - 60,000
Sold for $112,500
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