"When a person is the beauty of their day, and their looks are really in style, and then the times change and tastes change, and ten years go by, and if they keep exactly their same look and don’t change anything and if they take care of themselves, they’ll still be a beauty." —Andy WarholAndy Warhol created his first silkscreen of Marilyn Monroe in 1962, just weeks after her untimely death at the age of thirty-six. Using a photo of the actress taken in 1953 to promote her film Niagara, this image of Monroe became a post-war American icon Warhol would return to throughout his career, capturing the unrivalled charisma and erotic appeal of this iconic Hollywood star in his seminal Pop works. When Warhol decided to create a series in her honor, he moved away from his gilded stylized drawings of the 1950s and worked instead with his newly found silkscreen techniques. Warhol’s well-documented factory-line production methods were perhaps at their most poignant in his treatment of Marilyn. The slippages and imperfections that occur in the silkscreen process add an effect that convey the human fragility of the real woman, distorted and wearing away through merciless iteration.
In line with his fascination of commercial processes and mass culture, Warhol directly tapped into the instantly recognizable image and reconfigured it as art, as he had famously done with Campbell’s Soup. Even so, the artist went a step further in electing to reproduce the series with varying degrees of color and contrast, effectively capturing the multiplicity of meaning within the real image of Marilyn Monroe.
While Marilyn struggled with substance addiction, miscarriages, and spousal abuse, here she is made immaculate, radiant in the technicolor series. The works render her in different colors upon each iteration, selling and reselling, modulating in psychedelic variety - this itself is a mimetic gesture. Just as many Americans projected their own hopes, desires, and dreams upon the young starlet, so did Warhol’s Factory impress upon her with their screens various hues and casts, each time recreating her anew.
Andy Warhol was the leading exponent of the Pop Art movement in the U.S. in the 1960s. Following an early career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol achieved fame with his revolutionary series of silkscreened prints and paintings of familiar objects, such as Campbell's soup tins, and celebrities, such as Marilyn Monroe. Obsessed with popular culture, celebrity and advertising, Warhol created his slick, seemingly mass-produced images of everyday subject matter from his famed Factory studio in New York City. His use of mechanical methods of reproduction, notably the commercial technique of silk screening, wholly revolutionized art-making.
Working as an artist, but also director and producer, Warhol produced a number of avant-garde films in addition to managing the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founding Interview magazine. A central figure in the New York art scene until his untimely death in 1987, Warhol was notably also a mentor to such artists as Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat.