With his close association with Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes and his marriage to Russian ballerina Olga Kokhlova, Picasso’s involvement with the world of dance started at a young age and evolved into a lifelong curiosity. A visual mirage of movement, dance presented Picasso with the opportunity to study the plastic potential of bodies transformed in response to music or emotion.
Setting a precedent that many contemporaries would follow, Picasso was the first twentieth century artist to engage with the theatre. Between 1917 and 1924 Picasso created complete set and costume designs for four ballets for the Ballet Russes: Parade (1917), Le tricorn (1919), Pulcinella (1920), and Quadro flamenco (1921). Engulfed in the world of fantasy, narrated only through movement, the artist found a subject that transcended context or culture, one that rather revels in the senses.
Beyond the world of ballet, Picasso explored dance through a variety of forms, from Cancan dancers and village festivals routed in French tradition, to the imports of Oriental dance, and the imaginative interpretations of mythological fables. Between 1904 and 1972, Picasso’s prints developed alongside his engagement with dance, offering insight into his relationship with the subject matter through four major themes: Circus Dance explored the physical limitations of the human body through acrobats and contortionists; Mythological Dance invited the fantasy of classical Greek and Roman stories, which Picasso frequently adopted depicting the Bacchae who perform ritual dances in honour of Dinoysys-Bacchus; Dancing the Corrida allowed the artist’s Spanish heritage to bear fruit in the dynamism of the bull-fight; and The Erotic Power of Dance developed later in Picasso’s career when the presence of eroticism intensified as the artist reinterpreted previous subjects.
The games of seduction mesmerize the onlookers of Danses (1954). The whimsical composition comes alive with music and movement, in which Picasso has stripped the dancers to their most primitive forms. Suspended in motion, in a variety of pirouette-like poses, three women perform for an audience of their peers who lounge, relaxed, in a festival like setting. Comparing this print to the artist’s earlier drawing, Group of Dancers (1920), Picasso’s depiction of eroticism is at a peak. In Group of Dancers, the younger artist treats his subject with the utmost respect, illustrating them in a formative style of constructed poses within the controlled environment of the stage. In contrast, the older artist finds freedom in sensualising his subject, the celebration of movement is uncontrolled and uninhibited, highlighting to the audience their role as voyeur.
One of the most dominant and influential artists of the 20th century, Pablo Picasso was a master of endless reinvention. While significantly contributing to the movements of Surrealism, Neoclassicism and Expressionism, he is best known for pioneering the groundbreaking movement of Cubism alongside fellow artist Georges Braque in the 1910s. In his practice, he drew on African and Iberian visual culture as well as the developments in the fast-changing world around him.
Throughout his long and prolific career, the Spanish-born artist consistently pushed the boundaries of art to new extremes. Picasso's oeuvre is famously characterized by a radical diversity of styles, ranging from his early forays in Cubism to his Classical Period and his later more gestural expressionist work, and a diverse array of media including printmaking, drawing, ceramics and sculpture as well as theater sets and costumes designs.